REV-ERB is one of those subjects where the details matter more than the headlines. This page pulls together the background, the mechanisms, and the practical points readers ask about most.
Last reviewed on 2025-11-19. Where a claim depends on a specific study, the study is described rather than over-claimed.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule that acts on the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors are part of the circadian clock machinery and normally repress transcription of certain target genes. In laboratory research, SR9009 is used as a chemical tool to study how REV-ERB activity influences metabolism, inflammation, and daily biological rhythms. The compound is not an approved medicine, and its effects in humans remain largely uncharacterized. It is often described as an investigational agent rather than a therapeutic product.
REV-ERB proteins typically suppress gene expression by recruiting corepressor complexes to DNA response elements. SR9009 binds these receptors and strengthens that repressive action in cell-based assays. Studies in rodents have reported changes in lipid handling, mitochondrial function, and exercise capacity after treatment. Such findings are often cited as evidence for metabolic effects, but species differences and limited pharmacokinetic data make direct translation to humans uncertain. Researchers continue to examine which effects are robust and which depend on specific experimental conditions.
Handling practices for SR9009 focus on minimizing degradation and contamination. The solid is generally stored desiccated at or below -20 °C, protected from light and moisture. Stock solutions are often prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol, then aliquoted to avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Aqueous solubility is low, so formulations for animal studies may require cosolvents or suspending agents. Personnel should follow institutional chemical safety procedures, because toxicological data for humans are incomplete.
Regulatory status varies by country and intended use. Major drug agencies have not granted marketing authorization for SR9009 as a medicine, and it is not listed as a controlled substance in many jurisdictions. It is often sold as a research chemical, a category that may fall outside pharmaceutical manufacturing rules. Buyers should verify local laws and supplier documentation, including certificates of analysis. The lack of standardized quality controls raises concerns about identity, purity, and actual content in products marketed online.
In laboratory settings, SR9009 is commonly identified by its molecular structure and its interaction with REV-ERB receptors. Vendors may list it under synonyms such as Stenabolic or REV-ERB agonist, but those names do not define purity or identity. Analytical confirmation typically uses high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection or liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. A reference standard is needed to compare retention time and mass spectrum, because the compound can be confused with related research chemicals.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Common name | SR9009 | Also marketed informally as Stenabolic |
| Chemical class | Synthetic REV-ERB agonist | Binds REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ |
| Molecular formula | C24H30ClN3O4S | Approximate molecular weight 492 g/mol |
| CAS Registry Number | 1379686-30-2 | Identifier for the parent compound |
| Regulatory status | Not approved for human use | Prohibited in sport by WADA |
SR9009 is frequently discussed in fitness and research-chemical contexts, yet it has no approved medical indication. Regulatory agencies have not authorized it for human use, and it is not a standard prescription drug. Some sports organizations list it as a prohibited substance because of its potential performance-enhancing properties. Published human data are sparse, so claims about its effects in people often rely on animal models or anecdotal reports. Quality and identity of online materials can vary widely.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as a REV-ERB agonist. REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ are nuclear receptors that help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. The compound was identified in academic screening efforts to find synthetic ligands for these receptors. In cell and animal studies, SR9009 alters transcription of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, and it can shift circadian behavior. It is not an approved therapeutic agent.
Mechanistically, SR9009 binds the ligand-binding domain of REV-ERBα/β and enhances recruitment of corepressor complexes. This represses target genes rather than activating them. Because REV-ERB proteins normally compete with ROR proteins at shared response elements, the net effect depends on tissue and timing. Researchers use SR9009 to probe how nuclear receptor signaling links the clock to metabolism, inflammation, and muscle biology. Findings are largely preclinical, and the precise contribution of each receptor subtype remains under study.
Several misconceptions surround SR9009. It is often described as a SARM, a steroid, or an exercise pill, but its known target is the REV-ERB receptor family. Rodent studies have examined exercise capacity and metabolic markers, yet human outcomes remain unproven. Oral bioavailability appears low in animals, and human pharmacokinetics are not well characterized. Online products may contain impurities or different compounds, so identity and purity testing are important for research use.
Analytical chemists detect SR9009 with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, commonly abbreviated LC-MS/MS. Sample preparation may involve protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, or solid-phase extraction before analysis. Laboratories can target the parent compound or its metabolites, depending on the matrix and the purpose of testing. Anti-doping methods require sensitive and specific assays because concentrations in biological samples can be low. Reference standards and validated methods are essential for reliable identification and quantification.
Regulatory and sporting contexts treat SR9009 as a prohibited substance in many elite competitions. Its presence on banned lists reflects concerns about performance enhancement and unknown long-term safety. Analytical chemists have developed methods to detect the parent compound and its metabolites in urine and blood. Literature discussions distinguish between in vitro potency, animal pharmacology, and anecdotal human reports. The latter are difficult to verify because products sold online may lack purity or contain different compounds.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory gene expression. In cell and animal experiments, SR9009 alters transcription of clock-controlled genes and metabolic pathways. The compound is not a hormone and does not resemble classical steroid structures. Its activity depends on binding to the ligand-binding domain of REV-ERB, where it can modify corepressor recruitment.
Research interest in SR9009 grew from studies of circadian biology and metabolic disease. Preclinical reports describe effects on exercise capacity, muscle metabolism, and blood lipid levels in rodents, but these findings come from controlled laboratory settings. The compound has low oral bioavailability in animals, which limits systemic exposure after swallowing. Investigators often use injected routes in experiments to achieve measurable plasma concentrations. Human clinical data are sparse, no approved therapeutic product exists, and whether animal effects translate to humans remains an open question.
Regulatory treatment of SR9009 varies by country and region. It is not approved as a pharmaceutical, and several jurisdictions restrict its sale for human consumption. Some authorities classify it as a research chemical, a prescription-only substance, or a prohibited performance-enhancing agent in sport. Purchasers may encounter certificates of analysis, but these documents do not guarantee identity, purity, or legality. In research settings, institutional safety reviews and controlled procurement help ensure that materials are handled under appropriate oversight. The absence of harmonized rules means that legal status can change and requires verification.
Analytical identification of SR9009 typically relies on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. In biological samples, researchers first separate the compound from matrix components using protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, or solid-phase extraction. High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can support structural confirmation of reference materials. Because SR9009 is a small, relatively lipophilic molecule, reverse-phase columns and acidic mobile phases are common. Laboratories often include isotope-labeled internal standards to improve quantification and to correct for ion suppression.
Stability depends on physical form, temperature, light exposure, and solvent. Solid SR9009 is generally stored cold and dry, with protection from light to limit degradation. Dimethyl sulfoxide stocks are common for laboratory work, but repeated freeze-thaw cycles can reduce compound integrity. Aqueous solutions may be less stable than organic stocks, and the ethyl ester in the structure can be susceptible to hydrolysis under certain conditions. Researchers typically validate storage conditions and recheck purity before quantitative experiments, especially when using archived material.
The violin pattern is not a definitive identifier, as other spiders can have similar markings (e.g. cellar spiders and pirate spiders). Instead, while most spiders have eight eyes, recluse spiders have six eyes arranged in pairs (dyads) with one median pair and two lateral pairs. Only a few other spiders have three pairs of eyes arranged in this way (e.g., scytodids). Recluses have no obvious coloration patterns on the abdomen or legs, and the legs lack spines. The violin marking can vary in intensity depending on the age of the brown recluse spider, with mature spiders typically having dark violin shapes.
Each February, Tim Hortons holds a marketing campaign titled "Roll Up the Rim to Win". As of 2007, over 31 million prizes were distributed each year, including cars, televisions, and store products. Customers determine if they have won prizes by unrolling the rim on their paper cups when they have finished their drink, revealing the result underneath. Prizes are not distributed randomly country-wide; each of the company's distribution regions has distinct prize-winning odds. The idea for the campaign began in 1985 when Roger Wilson of one of Tim Hortons' supplier of cups, Lily Cup company, approached Tim Hortons with a new idea to increase their sales. Wilson explained his company had created a new cup design that allowed a message to be printed under the rim; the cup type cost no more than the current one and could enable a promotion or contest. Recognizing the opportunity to promote coffee in the normally weak sales period in the spring, the Roll Up the Rim to Win campaign was first held in 1986 when the biggest prize was a snack box of Timbits. In 2008, over 88% of major prizes were redeemed. The contest is popular enough that Paul Kind invented the Rimroller (as seen on Dragons' Den), a device for rolling up the rim mechanically. The contest has seen several controversies including the theft of unrolled cups. In March 2006, two families were fighting over a Toyota RAV4 SUV prize of CA$32,000 value when their daughters found a winning "roll up the rim" coffee cup in a garbage bin of an elementary school in Saint-Jérôme, Quebec.
Trump's second term foreign policy has been described as a mixture of both imperialist and expansionist policies. He engaged in a realist and isolationist "America First" foreign policy agenda. His administration favored hard power to achieve foreign policy goals, and dismantled or withdrew support from domestic and international organizations dedicated to advancing American soft power. The moves were described as ceding American global influence and creating a void filled by Russia and China. His relations with allies were transactional and ranged from indifference to hostility, and he threatened them with economic tariffs or annexation. He was described as taking the side of Russia in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and overseeing a rupture of the post-1945 rules-based liberal international order and abandonment of multilateralism. Michael Klare wrote that containing the influence of China and preventing the rise of any rival power is the central foreign policy objective of the administration. Trump has attempted to deepen the U.S.-India partnership. Trump's administration saw large drops in global public opinion of the U.S. Countries like Canada, Germany, the U.K., Denmark, and Finland warned their citizens about traveling to the U.S.
== Diagnosis == A seroma may be diagnosed based on signs on the skin. On CT scans, seromas have a radiodensity of 0–20 Hounsfield units, generally in the lower part of this range, consistent with clear fluid.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
As the moral authority of Barre's government was gradually eroded, many Somalis became disillusioned with life under military rule. By the mid-1980s, resistance movements supported by Ethiopia's communist Derg administration had sprung up across the country. Barre responded by ordering punitive measures against those he perceived as locally supporting the guerrillas, especially in the northern regions. The clampdown included bombing of cities, with the northwestern administrative centre of Hargeisa, a Somali National Movement (SNM) stronghold, among the targeted areas in 1988. The clampdown initiated by Barre's government extended its reach beyond the initial bombings in the north to encompass various regions across the country. This reproduction of aggressive strategies aimed at stifling dissent and retaining authority over the populace was a hallmark of the government's repressive actions in the South. One of the most notable instances occurred in 1991, when Barre's regime initiated a ruthless aerial assault that led to the deaths of numerous individuals in the town of Beledwene, situated in southern Somalia. Another notable instance of Barre's repressive policies occurred in the city of Baidoa, which earned the nickname 'the city of death' due to the events that unfolded there during the famine and civil war. Hundreds of thousands of individuals lost their lives as a consequence of governmental strategies specifically aimed at the Rahanweyn community residing in these areas.
a similar tropane alkaloid content), include the Hyoscyameae, containing such well-known toxic species as Hyoscyamus niger and Atropa belladonna, the Solandreae containing the genus Solandra ("chalice vines") and the Mandragoreae, named for the famous Mandragora officinarum, most of which are considered traditional witches' herbs and poisons.
=== Other organizations === Choose Responsibility, a US non-profit addressing alcohol consumption by young adults Consumer Reports, an American nonprofit consumer organization dedicated to independent product testing, investigative journalism, consumer-oriented research, public education, and consumer advocacy; publishes a magazine of the same name College of the Redwoods, a public two-year community college in Humboldt County, California, US College Republicans, a college branch of the US political party Crunchyroll, LLC, an anime licensing and entertainment company Crunchyroll, the namesake anime streaming service Czech Radio, a public radio broadcaster in the Czech Republic
=== By children in Gaza === In November 2023, a group of children outside al-Shifa Hospital held a press conference asking the world for an end to the war. A small group of children in Rafah held their own protest in advance of a planned Rafah offensive in February 2024, holding signs in English that read "We refuse to die" and "Save us from this genocide". Children in Rafah again held their own protest against the Gaza Strip famine on 6 March, holding a banner reading "Stop our daily death". In February 2024, a boy wounded in an Israeli attack stated, "I don’t know why they attacked me. They are picking fights against the children of Palestine. Why?" In July 2024, a 10th grade student in Ramallah said hearing explosions on the news "just twisted something inside of me, like I felt those emotions coming out. I was scared. I was terrified, actually. It could be me next."
Epidurals can provide temporary relief but are not generally recommended as they can cause cysts to enlarge. Extraction of fluid can provide limited or no relief depending on rate the cysts refill and the need to repeat the procedure. Removal of the cyst results in irreversible damage to the intersecting spinal nerve. Although fibrin-glue therapy initially had been thought to be a promising therapy in the treatment of these cysts, there have been multiple problems associated with the fibrin glue therapy including seepage of fibrin. It is no longer recommended for use at present by the Health Department in some countries and neurosurgeons previously performing the procedures. Nevertheless, all types of surgical treatment pose common risks, including neurological deficits, infection and inflammation, spinal headache, urinary disturbances, and leakage of cerebrospinal fluids.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
SR9009 is a synthetic research compound that binds and modulates the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is used in laboratory studies of circadian biology and metabolism, not as an approved medicine. It is also known by the informal name Stenabolic.
No. SR9009 has not been approved as a therapeutic drug in the United States, European Union, or other major markets. Human safety and efficacy data are very limited. Its presence in consumer products does not imply regulatory approval.
The World Anti-Doping Agency lists SR9009 as a prohibited substance because it can alter gene expression and metabolic pathways relevant to performance. The ban applies at all times, not only during competition. Detection relies on laboratory methods such as mass spectrometry.
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry is common for identity and purity checks. High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection can also be used. Both methods require a suitable reference standard.